Azithromycin drug card

Need azithromycin information fast? This drug card provides concise details on dosage, administration, contraindications, and potential adverse effects. Remember to always consult a physician or pharmacist before starting any medication.

Dosage typically ranges from 500mg to 1 gram on the first day, followed by 250mg daily for a total course duration often lasting 3-5 days. Specific regimens vary significantly based on the infection being treated. Pediatric dosages are significantly lower and must be carefully calculated based on weight. Always verify dosage with the prescribing information.

Administration: Azithromycin is usually given orally, but intravenous formulations exist for severe infections. Follow instructions carefully, ensuring the medication is taken as directed. Taking the full course is critical for optimal treatment and prevention of bacterial resistance.

Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to azithromycin or other macrolides is a major contraindication. Caution is warranted in patients with liver dysfunction, as azithromycin is primarily metabolized by the liver. Furthermore, use during pregnancy or breastfeeding requires careful consideration and physician oversight.

Adverse Effects: Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Less frequent but more serious reactions can involve liver damage, cardiac arrhythmias, and allergic reactions. Seek immediate medical attention for any serious or concerning symptoms.

Azithromycin Drug Card

Always consult your doctor or pharmacist before starting Azithromycin or changing your medication regimen.

Indications

• Community-acquired pneumonia
• Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Pharyngitis/tonsillitis (caused by Streptococcus pyogenes)
• Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections
• Genital ulcer disease (caused by Haemophilus ducreyi)
• Cervicitis/urethritis (caused by Chlamydia trachomatis)

Dosage

Typical adult dosage is 500 mg on Day 1, followed by 250 mg daily for four days. Adjustments may be necessary based on the infection’s severity and patient factors. Pediatric dosing differs significantly – refer to official prescribing information for specific instructions.

Contraindications

• Known hypersensitivity to azithromycin or other macrolides.
• Concurrent use with ergot derivatives (risk of ergotism).

Adverse Effects

Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain. Less frequent but serious reactions include QT prolongation, liver damage, and allergic reactions. Report any unusual symptoms to your physician immediately.

Drug Interactions

1. Digoxin: Azithromycin may increase digoxin levels.
2. Warfarin: Azithromycin may increase the risk of bleeding.
3. Theophylline: Azithromycin may increase theophylline levels.
4. Pimozide: Concomitant use is contraindicated.

Monitoring

Regular monitoring of liver function and ECG (especially in patients with cardiac risk factors) is recommended, particularly during prolonged treatment courses. Closely observe patients for signs of allergic reactions, such as rash or difficulty breathing.

Patient Counseling

• Complete the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve.
• Report any severe diarrhea immediately (potential Clostridium difficile infection).
• Avoid alcohol consumption during treatment.
• Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and direct sunlight.

Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.

Mechanism of Action

Azithromycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. This binding prevents translocation, the process where the ribosome moves along the messenger RNA (mRNA) during translation. Consequently, peptide chain elongation halts, and bacterial growth is suppressed.

Specifically, azithromycin binds to the 23S rRNA within the 50S subunit. This interaction interferes with the peptidyl transferase activity, a critical step in forming peptide bonds during protein synthesis. Without functional peptide bond formation, the bacteria cannot produce necessary proteins, leading to their death.

This mechanism differs slightly from that of erythromycin, another macrolide antibiotic, although both target the 50S ribosomal subunit. Azithromycin demonstrates improved tissue penetration and a longer half-life compared to erythromycin, offering advantages in treatment regimens.

The result is a bacteriostatic effect at lower concentrations and bactericidal activity at higher concentrations against susceptible organisms.

Indications and Usage

Azithromycin treats various bacterial infections. It’s highly effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.

• Community-acquired pneumonia: Azithromycin is a common choice for treating pneumonia acquired outside of hospitals. Dosage varies based on severity and patient factors.
• Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: This antibiotic effectively combats bacterial infections worsening chronic bronchitis symptoms. Follow prescribed dosage guidelines.
• Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: Azithromycin effectively tackles infections like cellulitis and impetigo. Always consult a doctor for diagnosis.
• Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis (streptococcal): Azithromycin is an option for treating strep throat, though penicillin remains the first-line treatment.
• Cervicitis/Urethritis (Chlamydia trachomatis): A single dose can effectively treat these sexually transmitted infections. Partner treatment is crucial.
• Pelvic inflammatory disease: Azithromycin is frequently used in conjunction with other antibiotics to fight this serious infection. Prompt treatment is vital.

Always consult a physician for diagnosis and treatment. Azithromycin is a prescription medication; self-medication is strongly discouraged. Specific dosage and duration of treatment depend on the infection and patient’s health. Potential side effects should be discussed with a doctor.

1. Follow your doctor’s instructions carefully.
2. Complete the entire course of medication, even if you feel better.
3. Report any unusual side effects immediately.

Contraindications and Warnings

Avoid azithromycin if you have a known allergy to azithromycin, erythromycin, or any other macrolide antibiotic. This includes a history of allergic reactions such as rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing.

Caution is advised for patients with prolonged QT interval. Azithromycin can prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of potentially fatal arrhythmias. Consult your doctor if you have a history of heart conditions, especially those affecting the QT interval, or if you are taking other medications that may prolong the QT interval.

Liver problems warrant careful monitoring. Azithromycin is primarily metabolized by the liver. Patients with impaired liver function require close observation and potential dosage adjustments. Your physician will make the necessary determination.

Specific Medication Interactions

Be aware of potential interactions with other medications. Azithromycin can interact with several drugs, including:

Medication Class	Example Medications	Potential Interaction
Anticoagulants	Warfarin	Increased bleeding risk
Ergot alkaloids	Ergotamine	Ergotism (peripheral vasoconstriction)
Pimozide	Pimozide	Increased risk of arrhythmias
Drugs metabolized by CYP3A4	Many medications	Altered drug levels

This information is not exhaustive. Always inform your doctor or pharmacist of all medications, supplements, and herbal remedies you are taking before starting azithromycin.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Use during pregnancy should only occur if the benefit clearly outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. Azithromycin passes into breast milk; consider the potential effects on the infant before use while breastfeeding. Consult with your healthcare provider for appropriate guidance.

Dosage and Administration

Azithromycin dosage depends on the infection being treated and the patient’s age and weight. Always follow your doctor’s instructions precisely.

For adults with community-acquired pneumonia, a typical regimen is 500 mg on the first day, followed by 250 mg daily for four days. For uncomplicated chlamydia infections, a single 1 gram dose is often prescribed.

Children’s dosages are calculated based on weight. A common pediatric dose is 10 mg/kg on day one, followed by 5 mg/kg daily for four days. Always consult a pediatrician for precise pediatric dosing instructions.

Azithromycin is typically administered orally, as tablets or suspension. Ensure you take the medication with a full glass of water. Avoid taking antacids within one hour of taking azithromycin, as this may affect absorption.

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it is nearly time for your next dose. Never double the dose to make up for a missed one. Always follow your prescribed schedule.

Some patients experience mild side effects such as nausea or diarrhea. Report any significant or persistent side effects to your doctor immediately.

Adverse Reactions

Azithromycin, while generally well-tolerated, can cause various side effects. Gastrointestinal issues are common, including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. These usually are mild and resolve without intervention. However, severe cases of colitis, a serious inflammation of the colon, have been reported, necessitating immediate medical attention.

Skin reactions range from mild rashes to more serious conditions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. These are rare but potentially life-threatening, requiring immediate discontinuation of azithromycin and appropriate medical management. Monitor for skin changes and seek medical advice if any develop.

Cardiac effects are possible, particularly QT prolongation, increasing the risk of abnormal heart rhythms. This risk is higher in patients with pre-existing heart conditions, electrolyte imbalances (low potassium or magnesium), or those taking other medications that prolong the QT interval. Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring may be considered in at-risk individuals.

Hepatotoxicity, or liver damage, is another potential adverse reaction, though uncommon. Symptoms can include jaundice, dark urine, and abdominal pain. Liver function tests should be considered, especially in patients with pre-existing liver disease or those taking other hepatotoxic drugs.

Neurological effects can occur, including dizziness, headache, and vertigo. These are usually mild and transient. Severe reactions are less frequent. Caution is advised when operating machinery or driving while taking this medication.

Hypersensitivity reactions, including allergic reactions such as angioedema and anaphylaxis, are possible. Patients with a history of azithromycin allergy should avoid it. Immediate medical attention is required for any severe allergic reaction. Always inform your physician about allergies before starting treatment.

This information provides an overview; consult your healthcare professional for a complete list of potential adverse reactions and specific recommendations for your situation. They can help manage any side effects and ensure safe use of azithromycin.

Drug Interactions

Azithromycin can interact with several medications, potentially affecting their efficacy or causing adverse reactions. Always inform your doctor of all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.

Increased Risk of QT Prolongation

Concurrent use of azithromycin with drugs known to prolong the QT interval, such as antiarrhythmics (like amiodarone or quinidine) or certain antidepressants (like citalopram), significantly increases the risk of dangerous heart rhythm disturbances. Close monitoring is recommended, and your doctor may adjust dosages or consider alternative treatments.

Ergot Alkaloids: Increased Risk of Ergot Toxicity

Combining azithromycin with ergot alkaloids (e.g., ergotamine) can elevate the risk of ergot toxicity, manifesting as peripheral vasoconstriction. Avoid this combination.

Digoxin: Increased Serum Digoxin Levels

Azithromycin can raise serum digoxin levels. Regular monitoring of digoxin levels is necessary to prevent toxicity, and dose adjustments may be needed.

Theophylline: Altered Theophylline Metabolism

Azithromycin can inhibit the metabolism of theophylline, leading to increased theophylline blood levels and potential toxicity. Close monitoring of theophylline levels and potential dosage reduction are advisable.

Warfarin: Increased Risk of Bleeding

Concurrent use with warfarin may enhance anticoagulant effects, increasing bleeding risk. Careful monitoring of your INR (international normalized ratio) is required.

This information is not exhaustive. Consult your physician or pharmacist for a complete list of potential drug interactions and personalized advice based on your individual health status and medications.

Monitoring Parameters

Regularly assess liver function tests (LFTs), including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), especially during prolonged therapy or in patients with pre-existing liver disease. Monitor for signs of cholestatic jaundice, such as dark urine and yellowing of the skin or eyes. Report any abnormalities immediately.

Cardiac Monitoring

Closely observe patients for the development of cardiac arrhythmias, particularly QT interval prolongation. An electrocardiogram (ECG) might be beneficial before starting treatment, especially in high-risk individuals with known cardiac conditions or those taking other medications that prolong the QT interval. Regular ECG monitoring may be considered depending on the patient’s risk profile and treatment duration.

Gastrointestinal Monitoring

Pay attention to gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These are common side effects and usually resolve with continued therapy; however, severe or persistent symptoms warrant immediate evaluation and potential dosage adjustment or discontinuation.

Hearing Monitoring

Assess for hearing loss, tinnitus, or vertigo. These are rare but potentially serious side effects that require prompt medical attention. A hearing test may be warranted in cases of suspected ototoxicity, especially in individuals with pre-existing hearing impairment or those on concurrent ototoxic medications.

Overdose Management

Contact Poison Control immediately at 1-800-222-1222. This is the first and most crucial step.

Immediate Actions

• Assess the patient’s vital signs: heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and level of consciousness. Document these findings.
• Administer activated charcoal if indicated within 1-2 hours of ingestion. Consult with Poison Control for guidance.
• Monitor for cardiac arrhythmias, particularly QT prolongation. An ECG is recommended.
• Provide supportive care as needed, addressing any symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, or dehydration.

Ongoing Management

Closely monitor the patient for at least 24 hours, observing for signs of prolonged QT interval or other adverse effects.

Specific Considerations

1. Patients with pre-existing cardiac conditions require particularly close monitoring due to the risk of QT prolongation.
2. Patients taking other medications that prolong the QT interval should be observed carefully for additive effects.
3. Liver and kidney function should be assessed regularly, especially in cases of significant overdose.

Continue to follow Poison Control’s recommendations throughout the management process. The patient’s condition is dynamically evaluated, and treatment may need adjustment.

Laboratory Testing

• Electrocardiogram (ECG) to monitor for QT interval changes.
• Serum azithromycin levels (if available).
• Liver and kidney function tests.
• Electrolyte levels.

Patient Counseling Points

Take Azithromycin exactly as prescribed. Finish the entire course, even if you feel better sooner. Stopping early can lead to resistant bacteria.

Drink plenty of water while taking this medication. This helps prevent dehydration, a possible side effect.

Avoid alcohol. Combining Azithromycin with alcohol can increase the risk of nausea and vomiting.

Report any severe diarrhea or stomach pain to your doctor immediately. This could be a sign of a serious intestinal infection.

Potential Side Effects

Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and stomach pain. These usually are mild and resolve without treatment. However, if they persist or worsen, contact your doctor.

Less common, but more serious side effects, include hearing loss, heart rhythm problems, and allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing). Seek immediate medical attention if you experience any of these.

Medication Interactions

Medication	Interaction
Warfarin (blood thinner)	Increased bleeding risk. Your doctor may need to monitor your INR.
Digoxin (heart medication)	Increased risk of digoxin toxicity. Your doctor should monitor your digoxin levels.
Ergot alkaloids (migraine medication)	Increased risk of ergotism. This combination should generally be avoided.

Always inform your doctor and pharmacist of all medications, supplements, and herbal remedies you are taking to avoid potential interactions. This includes over-the-counter drugs.